Loiasis

Definition

Loiasis is a filariasis caused by nematodes of the genus Loa loa occurring exclusively in the rainforests of Central Africa with a prevalence in hyperendemic regions of between 3 and 30% of the general population. It is transmitted via horseflies of the genus Chrysops. Symptoms may appear 1 to over 15 years after infection, and include localised transient swellings (Calabar swellings), and adult worm migration under the skin or conjunctiva of the eye. Severe complications have also been reported: endocarditis, glomerulonephritis, and encephalitis, although the latter is mainly linked to improper treatment. Diethylcarbamazine is the classical treatment, but ivermectine-based treatments have not yet been clearly assessed.

Inclusions

• Eye worm disease of Africa
• Loa loa infestation
• Calabar swelling

Index Terms