Dementia due to human immunodeficiency virus
Demência devida ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana
CategoryDefinition
Dementia due to human immunodeficiency virus develops during the course of confirmed HIV disease, in the absence of a concurrent illness or condition other than HIV infection that could explain the clinical features. Although a variety of patterns of cognitive deficit are possible depending on where the HIV pathogenic processes have occurred, typically deficits follow a subcortical pattern with impairments in executive function, processing speed, attention, and learning new information. The course of Dementia due to human immunodeficiency virus varies including resolution of symptoms, gradual decline in functioning, improvement, or fluctuation in symptoms. Rapid decline in cognitive functioning is rare with the advent of antiretroviral medications.
Coding Note
Diagnostic Criteria
- All diagnostic requirements for Dementia are met.
- Dementia is presumed to be attributable to underlying Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease, as demonstrated by neuropsychological test data, neuroimaging data, medical tests, and/or clinical history.
- Dementia Due to HIV may develop during the course of confirmed HIV disease, in the absence of a concurrent illness or condition other than HIV infection that could explain the clinical features.
- Although a variety of patterns of neurocognitive deficits are possible depending on where the HIV pathogenic processes have occurred, typically deficits follow a subcortical pattern with impairments in executive function, processing speed, attention, and learning new information.
- The course of Dementia Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus varies and may involve gradual decline in functioning, improvement or resolution of symptoms, or fluctuation in symptoms over time.
- Rapid decline in neurocognitive functioning is rare with the advent of antiretroviral medications.
Note: An appropriate diagnosis from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease grouping of the chapter on Certain Infectious or Parasitic Diseases should also be assigned.