Scoliosis

Definition

Scoliosis is known not to be limited only to the frontal plane, and can be defined as a three dimensional torsional deformity of the spine and trunk it causes a lateral curvature in the frontal plane, an axial rotation in the horizontal one, and a disturbance of the sagittal plane normal curvatures, kyphosis and lordosis, usually, but not always, reducing them in direction of a flat back. “Structural scoliosis”, or just scoliosis, must be differentiated from “functional scoliosis”, that is a spinal curvature secondary to known extraspinal causes (e.g. shortening of a lower limb or paraspinal muscle tone asymmetry). It is usually partially reduced or completely subsides after the underlying cause is eliminated (e.g. in a recumbent position).

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